Manfaat Kenaikan Pajak Cukai & Harga Tembakau Secara Telaah Sistematis

Abstract

to 32.7%, and the prevalence of female smokers was 6.62%. According to the GBD 2019 Tobacco Collaborators research, Indonesia is considered stagnant, with no decrease in smoking prevalence, as the prevalence of male smokers increased by +6.94% to 58.3%, and the prevalence of female smokers increased by 3.6%. Meanwhile, other countries have experienced a decrease in prevalence since the signing of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). The GATS research conducted by WHO in 2021 shows that the prevalence of male smokers in Indonesia is 65.5%. Nevertheless, Indonesia often raises tobacco taxes or Tobacco Excise to increase tobacco prices in an effort to reduce smoking prevalence. This study summarizes the benefits of higher tobacco taxes and prices using a systematic literature review based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses). Ninety articles in English on the benefits of tobacco taxes and prices were included in the analysis. The research results indicate that studies related to the benefits of tobacco taxes and prices focus on reducing the prevalence of adult and adolescent smokers, benefiting 20% of the low-income population, and generating significant socio-economic benefits. It was also found that countries implementing FCTC and increasing tobacco taxes experienced a significant decrease in smoking prevalence compared to Indonesia. Therefore, this research is expected to serve as a reference to optimize the benefits of tobacco tax increases by adopting tobacco control measures in countries successful in reducing smoking prevalence. This study focuses on the benefits of tobacco taxes after the implementation of the FCTC in 2003.